Impact of COVID-19 on exercise pathophysiology: a combined cardiopulmonary and echocardiographic exercise study

At the time of hospital discharge, patients with COVID-19 present reduced functional capacity and exercise hyperventilation. Peripheral factors, namely oxygen extraction (myopathy) anemia, which are not fully compensated by a supernormal cardiac output response, account for limitation before exhaustion respiratory reserve. Enhanced chemoreflex sensitivity, rather increased dead space, mainly accounts The pulmonary vascular response to circulation survived does major pathological changes.